Cray fish, Astacus leptoductylus, is valuable and commercial aquatic of Caspian Sea and the rivers ending to the sea, and it has also exports value. Morphological and histological characteristics of cultured male and female gonads were studied during a reproductive cycle. Also, the effect of density on some reproductive indices was investigated. Crayfish were collected monthly during 10 month, from May to March. They were studied in three trials with density of 3, 5 and 7 number/m2. These trials were done in three replications. Gonadosomatic (GSI) index were determined and sex maturation were studied based of classical histology. For females, GSI peaked in December and for males, it peaked in July and November.7 and 6 maturation stages were recognized in female and males, respectively. There were not any significant differences between GSI of three treatments. The result shows that reproduction activity of cultured brood stocks occurred in late December. Also, sex maturation was not affected by density.

Selenium is an essential nutrient for physiological function, including immunity, Reproduction and nervous systems. This element as glutathione peroxidase enzyme cofactor, improve fish growth and propagation index via reducing of free radicals. In the present study, the effect of different levels of organic selenium were evaluated on some antioxidant indices, such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and Reproduction indices including, gonadal development, histology evaluation, fertilization rate and survival of the treated fish larva. Adult goldfish were fed with 0 and 0/5 mg of organic selenium (Selplex) per kg food for 8 weeks, and HCG hormone was injected Intraperitoneally to induce the gonadal development in the treated broodstocks. Results showed that the TAC in blood serum treated with selenium broodstocks was increased and MDA levels were also significantly reduced. Histological studies showed selenium treated testicular tissue broodstocks, the level of mature spermatozoa are significantly higher than the control group and in the ovarian tissue, sexual maturation in the control group and treated group were in stage 2 and 5 respectively. In addition, rates of fertilization (%91/17), deformity (%8/45) and survival (%87) in the Selenium treatment compared to the control group showed significant improvement. Therefore, Significantly higher body weight, antioxidant function, gonadal development in the fish treated with 0. 5 mg selenium were shown in compare to the control group, to which no organic selenium was fed.

This study was carried out in order to determine reproduction condition of industrial dairy cow farms of Ilam province. First of all, a list of industrial dairy cow farms was provided and then active and inactive farms were recognized. Questionnaires were completed for active farms and data were collected. Means were compared based of completely randomized design with the Duncan multiple range test. Average of services per conception, intervals of parturition to first heat, parturition to first service and parturition to conception (open day), lactation period, dry period and calving interval were 2.33±0.09 times, 52.3±1.03, 88.1±1.28, 125.2±1.96, 333.4±2.98, 72.1±1.48 and 407.3±2.49 days respectively, that showed significant differences (P<0.01) with the reports of Holstein dairy cow. Also reproduction efficiency of industrial dairy cow of Ilam province was 68.8±1.20 percent.

One of the most important breeding-related issues of common carp is artificial reproduction and studying the fecundity status as a quantitative index in reproduction. For this reason, we investigated the effect of female age of common carp on reproductive and morphological indices including weight, length, condition factor, eggs weight, fecundity, number of eggs per gram, and relative fecundity per weight and length. For this purpose, two groups of females (2 and 3 years old) were compared. The 3-year-old fish showed higher average weight (4536.7±713.0 g), total length (64.9±3.1 cm), obtained eggs (664.3±69.9 g), working fecundity (600847.3±91984.4 eggs), and relative fecundity per length (74748.8 ±2194.2 eggs) than the 2-year-old fish (P<0.05). Also, condition factor (1.8±0.2), number of eggs per gram (1000.7±137.8), and relative fecundity per weight (1646943.3±51362.9 eggs) in the 2-year-old fish were higher than those in the 3-year-old fish (P<0.05). The comparison of two age groups of fish showed that there is a significant difference in all measured parameters. Increase in age, weight and length of common carp broodstocks had positive effect on fecundity, weight and size of obtained eggs, and older, heavier and larger fish showed less number of eggs per gram, while the eggs were in larger size. According to the results, common carp females with higher age, weight, and size are more appropriate for artificial reproduction.

Rutilus frisiiis an endemic fish species of the Caspian Sea basin that have been introduced to Gheshlagh River basin, recently. To understand the reproductive characteristics of transplanted Caspian Kutum to Gheshlagh River basin, twenty male of Caspian Kutum with average 2.1 years old and 133.41 gr (total weight) were caught from Gheshlagh Dam Lake during April to May 2015 by cast net. Some spermatological characteristics; sperm volume, duration of motility, sperm density, spermatocrite, pH and osmolarity of seminal plasma were measured for all sperm samples. The mean values (±SD) for these spermatological characteristics were 2.41 ± 0.16 ml, 42.46 ± 1.07 sec, 17.31 ±2.24 million cells/mm3, 40.8 ± 2.34% and 282.1 ± 4.87 mOsmol/Kg, respectively. The mean gonadosomatic index (GSI) was 5.71 ± 0.31 %. Na+, Cl- and K+ were predominant ionic in the seminal plasma. The concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also measured in the seminal plasma together with serum testosterone and di-hydroxyprogesterone (DHP). AST, ALT and ALP concentration were 48.7 ± 7.29, 16.92 ± 1.57 and 25.4 ± 1.97 U/L respectively. Serum testosterone and DHP concentrations were 1.23 ± 0.24 ng/ml and 0.16 ± 0.04 ng/ml, respectively. Histological study of testes showed spermatozoa were the predominant cells that could be a sign of spermiation stage in male Kutum. Results from our study in comparison with results that obtained by Fallah Shamsi in Sefid Rood River, revealed that habitat changed some reproductive parameters. However, habitat does not have any harmful effect on reproduction capability of Caspian Kutum in the Gheshlagh River basian.

Background: Reviewing the reproductive health indicators (RHIs) provides the possibility of periodic health system performance evaluation to achieve balanced development. This study aimed to determine the trend of ten reproductive health indicators changes during 2002-2011, and examining their relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI). Methods: In this ecological study the trend of ten reproductive health indicators from five selected provinces of Iran were mapped. Then the relationship of these ten indicators with HDI was investigated using non parametric Spearman's rank correlation coefficient in SPSS v. 20. Results: There was a statistically significant direct and strong correlation between the percentage of childbirth by a trained person and HDI (r= 0. 9, p=0. 037). Conclusion: In our study, it can be expected that the provinces with similar reproductive health indicators, likely have similar HDI.

This study aimed to compare reproductive indices of broodstocks between and within (control and selected treatments) four different populations common carp of Hungarian-originated (TATA), North Iran, China-originated (RAN), and South Iran (Khuzestan). Control and selected treatments in each population comprised the average of the broodstock population and those chosen deliberately from 30% above the population mean (apart from shooter fish with excessive growth and out of the normal range), respectively, to calculate the genetic progress. Male and female reproductive indices were checked respectively by evaluating sperm quality (spermatocrit, sperm density per milliliter, percentage of motile sperm, and motility duration) and measuring working and relative fecundity, ovum and hydrated egg diameter, fertilization rate, hatching rate, the larval survival rate, and larval size after hatching. The results showed that, despite the high fecundity in the South Iran population, it has the lowest egg diameter and larval survival rate (p<0.05). Although the China-originated (control and selected treatments) population had the lowest sperm volume, sperm density per milliliter, and percentage of spermatocrit among different populations, the selected-treatment had the highest motile sperm percentage and the motility duration, which resulted in the most elevated fertilization rate belonging to it (p<0.05). The highest survival rate 24 hours post-hatching was observed in China-originated (control and selected) and North Iran-control, and the lowest in TATA (control and selected), North Iran-selected, and South Iran populations (p<0.05). China-originated control population gained the highest larval survival rate 72 hours after hatching. Although it did not differ significantly with the North Iran (control and selected) and TATA-control (p>0.05) populations, it has meaningful difference with the South Iran, TATA-selected, and China-originated-selected (p<0.05). The larval size in TATA-selected, North Iran-control, and South Iran is significantly smaller than other populations (p<0.05). There is no considerable difference in larval length size of the North Iran population between the control and the selected treatments, but it is significantly more in control than selected treatments in the China-originated and TATA populations. This finding illustrated that the selective breeding of broodstocks did not affect the reproductive indices within populations and the larval survival rate in F1. However, it improved the larval size. China-originated and North Iran populations performed satisfactorily in male and female reproductive indices, respectively, and it is worth bringing into mind hybridization between the two populations in future studies.

Understanding biometric and reproductive indices in sturgeon broodstocks can improve and help to artificial propagation quality. This study was conducted to aim of determination of biometric and reproductive indices in Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti) in Iran climate condition and was compared to broodstock condition in sturgeon hatcheries in Russia. 27 female and 13 male broodstocks were considered in Shahid Marjani hatchery centre. After maintaining the broodstocks at Kuranski ponds and measuring the germinal vesicle position, 12 female was eliminated from artificial propagation and the others was injected by pituitary hormone. After maturity duration, 10 females and 5 males showed positive response to the hormone injection. For comparing the obtained results to sturgeon artificial propagation and rearing activities, the data was compared to hatcheries normatives in Russia. Results showed that some of parameters including weight, age, fecundity and percent of egg donating broodstocks in Iran are less than to Russian hatcheries, it seems that the broodstocks are not in high maturating level and they are before maturity stage, but oocyte size and ovary weight were at the same mean size and weight in Volga broodstocks. Therefore, it seems that there is no suitable conditions to Russian sturgeon migrating in south of the Caspian Sea, so there are not suitable broodstocks according to physiological and reproductive parameters in hatcheries, and after propagating this kind of broodstocks, there will be some problems in artificial propagation like low inducing the broodstocks, percent of fertility, survival at incubation period and so on.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the morphological and reproductive indices of spring and autumn migratory Mahi sefid populations to Anzali lagoon. Therefore, 120 spring and autumn migratory Mahi sefid were caught at a station leading to Anzali lagoon. The results of the comparison of morphological characteristics showed that these characteristics were significantly higher in autumn broodstocks than spring broodstocks. Based on the analyzing into main factors, total length, fork length, standard length and body weight traits expressed 73.33% of the diversity of morphological characteristics between spring and autumn populations. Comparison of reproductive characteristics did not show any significant difference in absolute fecundity between spring and autumn populations (P>0.05). The average relative fecundity, number of eggs and sperm volume of the spring broodstocks were significantly higher than the autumn breed (P<0.05). The fertilization percentage after 24 and 48 hours in the autumn form were significantly higher than the spring form (P<0.05). Therefore, the broodstocks of the autumn form were higher in morphological characteristics and fertilization percentage, and the broodstocks of the spring form were higher in relative fecundity, number of eggs and sperm volume.